Steam-actuated valve for pumps.



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STEAM ACTUATED VALVE FOR-PUMPS.

(Application led July 25, i898.1

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Patented luly 25, |899.

J. MGEULLUCH.

STEAM AGTUATED VALVE FDR PUMPS.

(Application filed July 25, 1898 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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N0. 629,386- Patented July 25,` l89.

.L MSGULLOCH.

STEAM ACTUATED VALVE FOB PUMPS.

{Applicltion Bled July 25, 1898.1

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No. 629,386. l v

J. mccuLLocH, STEAM ACTUATED VALVE FOR PUMPS.

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K J. mccuLLocH. STEAM CTUTED VALVE FOB PUMPS.

) (Application med Juxy 25, 189m Patented .luiy 25, |899.

Jv.' MOCULLQCH. STEAM ACTUTEDVALVE FUR PUMPS.

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- J. MCCULLCH.

STEAM ACTUATED VVALVE FDR PUMPS.

(Application filed July 25, 1898.1 y (lo Modal.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 7.

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vSTEAM AGTU'ATED VALVE FUR PUMPS.

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JAM'ESI'MCCULLOCH, OF

STEAM-ACTLJATED PATENT oma..

Poa'rannrn, ENGLAND.

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SPECIFICATION forming part gfl Letters rareza No. 629,386, dated July 25., 1899.

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Be it known that I, JAMES MCCULLOCH, en-

' gineerpa sulojectofthel Qu'eenpf Great Britain,

residing at Portreath,in the countyof, Cornf. wall, England, have invented, certain new and usefulrlmprovemen ts inSteam-Actuated Valves for Pumps-of which the following'is a specication." 71;, y

This invention relates to pumps adapted to be worked by steam or other fluid, and is designed `to simplify and cheapen the construc- An important'featureof-the said invention consists vin the employ-fr neut of -a single .autof matic distributing-valve which` is so arranged as to be cushionedvat eachvend ofthe stroke.

. Afurther importantgfeature' of the invention consists inV utilizing themiddle 'or lintereV mediate portion ofthe steam-pistomas here-l inafter described, for the purpose of controlling the exhaust of the fluid .used to operate the valve.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a'plan, of one construction of pump according to this inven- Fig. 1.

rangement in which the pump-cylinder-and,

' working cylinder are arranged tandem fashion or in line .withone another. Fig. 7 is a side elevation .of an arrangement Vin which twopump-cylinde rs are em ployed,on e on each side 'of the working cylinder. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a vertical section and ahori-` zontal section of the said arrangement. .,Fig..

l10 is a longitudinal'section showingto ,aI

largerscale a. slight `modification in lthe construction of the distributing-valve suitable more especially for pumps of large size.

Referringmore particularly to the construc-` tion oi ,pump shown in Figs. l to 5, a is the pump-cylinder, fand b is the Working or steam cylinder, Whichis arranged parallel with and Fig. l6 is aver;

beneath the pump-cylinder. c.' and bfare the pistons of the said cylinders. cisthe dis tributing-,Valva.which is Iofthe piston type, and is arranged bythe side offthe steam-cylinderandparallel therewith. v The steam -pistonb is of 'considerable length, land has in it two annular recesses or ports b2, which are arranged on each side of its middle portion b?. In other Words, the piston consists of three disks orvjunksl, hand b5, one at each end and one in the middlethereof, all of which are integrally connected together by contracted portions oru'ecks of small diameter, the spaces aroundtheseneclgs forming the annular ports b?, before .referred to.

Between thevalve c andh the piston b', the

casing is provdedwith three main' yports or passages dd d2 analogous to'those of ,an ordinary steam-engine. The intermediate port dwhich leads to the exhaust-pipe d3', is providedwith' an opening d4; leadinginto the steam-cylinder at `the middle thereof. To prevent the live steam or working fluid, however, from escaping by this intermediate port, the piston is made of such a length relativelyV to the stroke that it never opens the said port to either end of the cylinder. One or other of the annular intermediate ports b2 of the pistou, however, is constantly in communication with the said port to allow the exhaust `Working fluid of the valve to escape in the manner hereinafter described.

The `distributing-valve c has at each end thereof a space cx, into which motive iuid is admitted for reversing thevalve. This valve is of thepiston type and has hollow ends c' `and has also an intermediate port c2 for putting the end s of `the, cylinderV to exhaust alternately in theordinary manner. The livesteam ports arearranged one on either side of this exhaust-port, as shown at c?, while in the opposite sideA of the valve to the said exhaustport isja passage or slot c4, in which fits apin c5. tokeep the valve from yturning inits seat. yIn, addition tothe main passagesialready referred to there are four 'smalli subsidiary passages e c' ff', arranged in pairs in the valve-casing. The passages el cf of one pair serve to convey steam from the'cylinder to operatethe valve., They areso arranged that they crossA one anotherthat is ,tof say, the

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passage e, which opens toward the right-hand end of the cylinder, opens into the left-hand end of the valve-chamber, and viceyersa with the passage e'.v These passages e e' are arranged so that one or other of them is uncovered by the piston and opened to the steamspace of the cylinder as the piston reaches the ends of its stroke, While at the same time the remaining passage is opened to exhaust by the middle portion b3 of the piston. Consequently a portion of the steam in the cylinder rushes up one of these passages and reverses the valve, while the steam that has just acted on the valve escapes through the other passage which has just been opened to exhaust. The passages ff of the other pair extend directly bet-Ween the ends of the valvechamber and serve as cushioning-passages to cushion the Valve in its to-and-fro movements. lThe ends of these passages are not on a level With each other, but those of the passageflie somewhat to the left of those ol the other. By means of these passages a portion of the steam Which is reversing the valve can escape to the opposite end of the valvecasing very soon afterv the valve has commenced to travel, thus effectually cushioning the valve. In addition to this, the valvecasing may be provided at each end With a suitable stop or buffer-such, for instance, as a metal disk or ring g, having an india-rubber ring g' behind it to give it elasticity. The piston-rods of the pump and the steam-cylinders are in this case connected together by a cross-head h, Working on suitable guides 7U, which carry the elastic buffers or stops h2 to arrest the movement Without shock in starting the pump or in case the Water or other iiuid supply should suddenlyfail. The inlet-valves c' and outlet-valves t" of the pumpchamber are in this construction arranged symmetrically on the upper part of the casing, one pair near each end of the pump.

The pistons and the valve are all contained in a single casing, in which, are formed the necessary passages or ports hereinafter described and in the upper parts of which are the inlet-valves c' and outlet-valves t" from the pump. They consist of lift-valves having openings t2 formed in them, so that the Water or other liquid (when the valves lift) can flow through them as Well as around their peripheries, thereby causing the valves to have an ample area of opening with a small amount of lift and reducing the hammering and slip Well known in Water-valves. i3 are the valve-seats, Which have cross pieces or bars 4 serving to cover the openings 2 when the valves are closed. The said valves have each a guide arranged at the top thereof, such guides comprising a vertical pin i5, which projects into a recess fis in the valvecover, thereby allowing the valve-seat to have agreater effective area than if the guide were arranged at the bottom of the valve or were passed through the valve and seat.

The foregoing construction is more especially intended for a pump where compactness is au object; but obviously it may be modified in a variety of ways, especially in cases Where space is not so much a matter of importance. For instance, as shown in Fig. 6, the steam-cylinder andthe pump-cham ber may be separate castings and be arranged tandem fashion-z'. e., in line With one another. In the example shown the Working `cylinder b and the self-acting valve c, controlling the same, are constructed substantially in the same manner as that .hereinbefore described.

According to the modification shown in Figs. 7 to 9 two pump-chambers d are einployed, arranged on opposite sides of the Working cylinder b in order to balance the strains. In such a case the inlet and outlet valves t' t" of the pump-cylin ders are arranged at the sides of the pump instead of on the upper part thereof, as in the iirst-mentioned arrangement.

In some cases, as in pumps of larger size, the end area of the distributing-valve may be greater than it is actually necessary for the steam to act on in order to reverse the valve,

`and consequently the valve would, if exactly like those in the previous arrangements, be driven to and fro With undue force. To overcome this difficulty, the modified arrangement shown in Fig.- lO may be employed, in which the hollow ends c of the valve are reduced in area and are adapted to Work in bushings c6, formed on the end covers of the valve-chest. The buffers in this case consist of rubber or other elastic thimbles or rings c7, fitted in the hollow ends of the valve. The'ends of those rings are adapted .to strike against projecting push-pieces es,

Which latter extend fluid-tight through the end covers of the valve-chest and can be used for moving the valve by hand When necessary.

I claiml. In a pump, the combination With a piston-valve having a space at each end for motive iiuid, of a working piston having two annular recesses, or ports on opposite sides of a central disk, or junk, a central exhaustport having an openinginto the Working cylinder, and subsidiary steam-passages opening into the cylinder on opposite sides of the central exhaust-passage and crossing each other to the spaces at the ends of the pistonvalve, substantially as described.

2. In a pump, the combination with a-piston-valve having spaces for motive fluid in its ends, of a Working piston having tWo annular recesses, or ports, on opposite sides of a central disk, or junk, a central exhaustport having an opening into the Working cylinder,subsidiary steam-passages opening into said cylinder on opposite sides oi' the exhaustopening and crossing each other to the end spaces of the piston-valve, and cushioningpassages for live steam from one end space to the other, substantially as described.

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3. In a pump the combination of a valve, a working cylinder, spaces at the ends of said valve, passages leading from said spaces to said cylinder, means for causing the working piston to control said passages, and cushioning-passages extending directly between the said spaces so as to cushion the valve in the to-and-fro movements.

4. In a pump the combination of a pistonvalve, means for operating the same by motive fluid from the cylinder, spaces at the ends of the valve to receive said motive duid, cushioning-passages extending between said spaces, and buers for arresting the movements of the valves, substantially as described.

5. In a pump, the combination with a Working cylinder and piston of a piston-valve for said cylinder, live-steam passages from said cylinder to end spaces in the valve and cushioningpassages directly connecting said spaces, substantially as described. l

6. In apump, the combination with a Working piston and cylinder the latter having a central opening communicating With an exhaust-passage, of steam-passages from the cylinder to en d spaces of the piston-valve, and cushioning passages connecting said spaces, substantially as described.

7. In a pump the combination of a working cylinder, two pump-cylinders parallel therewith and on each side thereof, a cross-head connecting the pistons of said pump and working cylinders, a distributing-valve parallel Withfsaid cylinders, and means for controlling the distribution of Working duid from the Working cylinder to the ends of said valve so as to reverse the latter substantially as described.

In'testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 4th day of July, 1898.

JAMES MCCULLOCH.

Witnesses:

F. W. MCLELLAN, WALTER J. SKERTEN. 

